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阅读分析
快速阅读：
1. N
2. Y
3. NG
4. Y
5. those things that they love most
6. products
7. more confidence
8. What do I really want to do?
9. give up, or risk
10. the lack of action
简短回答：
47. The brilliance of S. Brin and L. Page
48. the academic project
49. By word of mouth
50. meet their price
51. advertising
阅读理解：
52. B) Why affluence doesn’t guarantee happiness?
53. D) materialism has run wild in modern society
54. A) Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.
55. D) Workers who no longer have secure jobs
56. C) New conflicts and complaints
57. B) the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan
58. B) They use fewer of the deferential linguistic form
59. D) They express strong disapproval
60. C) is viewed as a sign of their maturity
61. C) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated society
从轻快的笛鼓进行曲《我们和士兵在一起》，滑入热情、奔放的《爱情像一只自由的小鸟》，到随后野性而泼辣的咏叹调，歌剧《卡门》回味之处，不仅仅是华丽、紧凑的音乐形式，更重要的是整体的旋律，采用了很夸张的明暗对比，圆润而莫测。歌剧中我们解读到的吉卜赛姑娘卡门直率，温和，勇敢，热情等多重似乎清晰的性格特质之上，更多的却是神秘。用歌剧《卡门》，与刚刚揭晓的六级阅读理解相提并论，是牵强的，我却想说，我们在复习的时候不断地捕捉一条条看似清晰准确的技巧，却开始发现，它烘托出的也如卡门姑娘的多重变化？或者这次试题的出现是要提醒我们，学习思路一直以来都在出现一些断裂和偏执？我们是不是太喜欢寻找技巧和规则的寻找了呢？我们逐一来看。
一 快速阅读
快速阅读的“试题稳定，难度适中”的说法在这次的试题中将遭遇巨大的挑战。对比上次新六级试题，快速阅读十个题目当中，有7个有明显的定位提示。从 Lance Bass（第一题）开始，到Two Australian（第四题），2001 NBC TV game （第五题），Hilton Hotels（第六题），最后的most expensive （第八题），500,000 space tourists（第九题），two decades（第十题）。这样的快速阅读难度是比较低的，考生面对大篇幅的文章，很容易准确定位处理的。但是这次的试题，虽然有“2004”(第一题) 这样的数字提示，还有“Mary Lyn Miller”这样的大写字母，但是“Mary Lyn Miller”在文章中的多次出现，使得考生容易困惑，导致时间的浪费。
所以，个人以为快速阅读的变化是这份试卷中最大的，呈现了明显的跳跃，但是，最基本的定位的思路却贯穿其中。可能，我们面对下次的考试，需要的是更好地理解题目中出现的中心词，而非简单地寻找时间，数字，大写字母等明确的定位标志。并且，通过这次考试也需要说明的是，文章中小标题的出现，是非常重要的提示。
二 简答
简答题是这次阅读试卷中，相对最平稳的，且难度适中。而且，在第47题“apart from a series of fortunate events, what is it that has made Google so successful?” 和第49题”How did Google’ search engine spread all over the world?”的回答中，既可以返回原文找一些相对接近的句子，也可以通过文章阅读和理解，用自己的语言进行终结和概括，表达出自己的思考，展示考生填句和总结能力。这种类型题目的出现，体现了题目设计越来越侧重检验考生扎实的基本功。
该部分其他的题目，居多都可以在文章中找到相对应的句子，用定位的思路比较容易完成。尤其是，题目中出现了一些大写字母的提示，非常方便做题。
三 仔细阅读
仔细阅读部分，难度比上次考试略有上升。在这次的试题当中，延续了上次新六级考试中大量的细节题。这样的题目比较容易用定位的思路完成。这些题目体现的共同的特色是喜欢在题干当中出现细节提问的标志词，比如时间，数字，大写字母，原因性词汇，比较性词汇。考生如果打开试卷盲目对全部题目进行定位，一定会浪费时间，因为并不是每个题目都是依靠单一的定位思路完成的，所以，看到题目以后首先是要对题干进行分析和判断，看它是否适合定位。
需要特别说明的是，这次的定位法的题目当中，对考生的单词和句子理解能力提出了更高的要求。比如60题。因为题干中有“Yoshiko Matsumoto”的大写提示，很容易找到答案的大概出处，在原文倒数第二段第三行，“after all, it is not a sign of simple femininity, but of a sign of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one’s social relations as well”。但是在进行选择的时候，比较有难度。考生一般可以迅速排除选项B和D，但是，在A 和C之间难得取舍。仔细分析发现，真正的难度体现在用词 “indicate”上，“indicate”表示“提示，暗指，表明”的意思，它并不等同于选项A中的“lead to”，所以，我们倾向于选C。
综合来看，这次的新六级题目整体设计上，从始至终地提醒了我们，在一个考试不断升级的世界里，盲目推崇技巧和方法思辩的幼稚心态很容易把严肃的考试堕落为一场混乱的游戏。我们必须清醒的意识到，技巧、方法和基本功是相辅相成的。缺失基本功的技巧和方法最终必然走向枯竭。可能，我们在复习中，基本的单词和句子的把握才是真正复习的核心。对于复习，应该做得更朴素一些。
2007年6月23日六级完型填空解析
Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. 62 that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still 63 in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on 64 TV. Anyone who didn’t know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made 65 worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our 66 to work together before everything goes to hell.
Granted, some amount of delusion（错觉）is probably part of the 67 condition. In A.D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work 68, in the same spot—until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a 69 of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at 70 themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we 71 did about the dangers we face. But it turns 72 that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is 73 the storm, the quake or the 74 itself. More often it is ourselves.
So what has happened in the year that 75 the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to 76 they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not 77 , we can now say with confidence. But it may be all 78 can be expected from one year of hustle(忙碌).
Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to 79 the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a 80 out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The 81 with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.
B 62. A) To B) By C) On D) For
介词辨析。通过对前句的分析理解，知道人性的本质—只有在遭受了痛苦之后才会重视痛苦，于是后句紧跟的连词应该是表示解释说明，而to为至于，on为在…上面，for为因果连词，只有by可以表示通过。
A 63. A) fresh B) obvious C) apparent D) evident
词义辨析。考生初看本题以为考察的是obvious, apparent, evident的词义辨析，三个词都表示明显的意思，但是根据文章的意思，此处应该是表示记忆犹新的意思，因此只有一个fresh表示的是新鲜。
C 64. A) visual B) vivid C) live D) lively
词义辨析。本题考察更多的是常识性的问题。Live这个单词除了有生活的意思之外，还有现场直播的意思。而剩余的混淆项完全是在误导学生，visual为视觉的，vivid为生动活泼的，lively为活泼的意思。
D 65. A) little B) less C) more D) much
词义辨析。在比较级前面添加副词，只能用副词原级，不能再用比较级。B和C显然错误。根据文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是贬义，在嘲笑人们喜欢做马后炮的事情，因此用much不用little.
A 66. A) reluctance B) rejection C) denial D) decline
词义辨析。Reluctance不情愿，rejection拒绝 denial否定 decline 拒绝。本题一看也仿佛是辨析BCD三个表示否定的词义。但是通过分析这个复杂句我们看到了前面的一个关键词willful blindness. 这个词组近年来在欧美属于流行词汇，频繁的出现在各大媒体中。他的英文解释是Willful blindness is a term used in law to describe a situation in which an individual seeks to avoid civil or criminal liability for a wrongful act by intentionally putting himself in a position where he will be unaware of facts.中文解释简单来说就是“装傻”。而复杂句可以翻译成，因为人们都在装傻事情变得更糟糕，除非真的死到临头了，否则人们都会尽最大可能不合作。而这里用reluctance，正好和前面的willful成反义词对应。
D 67. A) natural B) social C) world D) human
词义辨析。与其说这个是考察词义辨析，不如说是在超越大学生的理解能力考察一个固定搭配human condition.看到这个搭配，学生的瞬间逻辑推理是人为因素，但是实际该词组表示人的生存条件的意思。
C 68. A) revising B) refining C) rebuilding D) retrieving
词义辨析。Revising修订，refining提炼，rebuilding重建，retrieving重新得到。地震之后要干什么呢？当然就是重建了。因此这种题目关键是看句子前面的连词and.
A 69. A) review B) reminder C) concept D) prospect
词义辨析。Review回顾，reminder提醒，暗示，concept概念，prospect希望。句子开头一个强转折BUT，表示后面要说的和前面的内容是相反的意思。同时，后面有一个history，通过这个单词就知道前面用review。
C 70. A) preparing B) protesting C) protecting D) prevailing
固定搭配。 protect sb. from sth 保护某人免受某事。Prepare准备，protest抗议，prevail流行，成功。
B 71. A) never B) ever C) then D) before
词义辨析。对于我们所面临的灾难，我们比以前知道的更多。本句中did是用助动词取代实意动词know。因此这里的连词只能用ever表示以前，而before做副词时一定放在句末或后跟名词。
D 72. A) up B) down C) over D) out
固定搭配。Turn out that/ turn out to be sth 证明。Turn up出现，turn down拒绝，turn over营业额/反复考虑
B 73. A) merely B) rarely C) incidentally D) accidentally
词义辨析。本题涉及两组词，一个是merely和rarely，merely表示仅仅，只不过的意思，rarely表示极少，罕有的意思。而incidentally和accidentally均表示巧合。关键在于区分merely和rarely就可以得出答案。
A 74. A) surge B) spur C) surf D) splash
词义辨析。本题实际考察的单词是形近且意思相差很远的一些单词。Surge表示汹涌澎湃，做动词有急速上升的意思 spur刺激，穿刺 surf海浪，做动词有冲浪的意思 splash溅。这种考察方法很常见但是对同学做题来说很容易。
C 75. A) ensued B) traced C) followed D) occurred
词义辨析。Ensue相继发生，不及物动词，trace追踪，追溯， follow跟随，occur发生，出现。本题考察的就是对ensue，trace，follow三个表示跟随的单词的熟词僻意。Ensue是不及物动词，不能直接跟名词连用，trace的主语应该是人，而这里也只有follow表示的是时间的紧随状态。
B 76. A) which B) where C) what D) when
语法判断。这里考察了英文歌词里面经常出现的一句话，例如在EAGLES的Hotel California中就有这样一句话。本题明显是考察简单的定语从句的理解能力。
A 77. A) enough B) certain C) conclusive D) final
逻辑推理。这里在我们生活中也有特别熟悉的句型代表。比如说在天下无贼中刘若英就说过这样的话：You should be sorry to me, but only sorry is not enough.这也就是英语完型中所谓的语感的来源。而在本句中，我们的推理方式就是结合下一句的BUT转折词分析，得出做的事情是不足够的，但是也只能做那么多了，表达了无奈。
C 78. A) but B) as C) that D) those
固定搭配。All that=what，all but=几乎，差一点，all those=复数形式的what。 而本题开头主语是it，因此只能用all that。
B 79. A) exile B) evacuate C) dismiss D) displace
词义辨析。Exile为放逐，evacuate为撤离，疏散，排出，dismiss为解职 displace为转移。本题完全是考察学生对六级的一些生僻词汇的记忆。
A 80. A) ride B) trail C) path D) track
固定搭配。学生不经常接触的一些词组的搭配是学生在做题目中的盲点。比如本题就是一个典型例题。学生乍一看四个单词都认识，但是就是不知道哪个单词后面能跟OUT连用。Ride out为安全过度，track out为追踪，这就要学生对平时的英语阅读有所积累。
D 81. A) conventions B)notifications C) communications D) negotiations
词义辨析。Convention大会，习俗，notification通知，communication交流，negotiation协商。本题的关键在于对于neighboring communities的理解。其实就是接壤的城市的意思，在美国，community更多的被用做社区的含义。本句是对上前一句的解释和说明，前一句说事情尚未决定，因此本句就说明如何解决问题的。而这个进程又是困难的，因此只有negotiation能够出现困境，固而选择negotiation.
今年六级词汇考察的重点在完型填空中,其中考察的单词词义辨析题目在20题中就占据了14道题目,可见词汇的功底和核心都汇集于完型当中考察了。
这次六级的完型填空的文章选自2006年8月20日TIME上的一篇文章《Why We Don't Prepare》中的第五到第八段。“全真七子”始终改变不了偷懒的坏习惯，因此我们也可以告诉自己，其实准备六级考试的完型填空，今后多看英文杂志就好了。
即便是这么简单的题目中，我们还是需要发掘出题者的根本思维方式。在这次的新题型的考察中我们惊奇的发现了几个特点：
1）完型填空20道题目的80个选项中，仅仅有11个选项的单词是六级大纲的词汇，分别是decline，rebuild，retrieve，surge，surf，ensue，exile，evacuate，displace，notification和negotiation。占据了选项的13%，而剩余的87%的单词都是四级的大纲词汇。这充分说明了六级考试始终还是四级的继承与发扬，离不开对于四级的依赖。因此六级的词汇量和四级并没有太大扩充。六级考试实际上不过还是考四级那点东西。
2）本次完型填空总共有329个词，符合六级考试大纲要求。但是在329个单词中，除去20个选项单词，剩余的309个词只有breakthrough, hurricane, willful, delusion, eruption，hustle和ongo这7个单词不是四级大纲中的单词，而且文章中还给出了delusion和hustle的意思。这再次印证了六级单词的考察量与四级区别并不大。
3）本次完型填空中，总共分为四大段共20句话，其中长难句占据了14句话，这是一个很大的比重，因此我们在重视单词的学习时，不能忽视的一点就是对于长难句的拆解分析能力。
4）长难句中再次考察了语法上的一大难点：比较结构。这个东西极端的混淆学生对于长难句的理解和文章意义的分析。作为理解中的难点，比较结构应当成为我们今后在语法学习中的重点，也一定是今后题目考察的核心价值。
5）关于完型填空的几个解题技巧是我们需要注意的。第一，连词前后的句意思分析，究竟前后句是转折，并列还是因果关系，需要学生特别注意；第二，文章的感情色彩的掌握，本文明显是一篇感情色彩偏于贬义的文章，因此把握好文章的中心是学生在选择之前要做到的。第三，抓住关键词解决问题，文章中有一些关键词的出现，影响学生对题目的本身进行判断，需要正确理解这些关键词。第四，对于常识性的单词一词多意的分析能力。平时多关注生活便可以对一些熟词做到迅速僻义。
6）难得的一点是，今年的六级考试出现的文章主题是不积极向上的，这个的确和我们的惯性思维不太一样，这种批判性的文章确实在历史上很少出现。如果将这个看作是一次趋势的话，那么今后在学习过程中要关注的范围将增加。
附原文：
Floods, Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Wildfires, Earthquakes ... Why We Don't Prepare
By AMANDA RIPLEY/ BOULDER
Posted Sunday, Aug. 20, 2006
Every July the country's leading disaster scientists and emergency planners gather in Boulder, Colo., for an invitation-only workshop. Picture 440 people obsessed with the tragic and the safe, people who get excited about earthquake shake maps and righteous about flood insurance. It's a spirited but wonky crowd that is growing more melancholy every year.
After 9/11, the people at the Boulder conference decried the nation's myopic focus on terrorism. They lamented the decline of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). And they warned to the point of cliché that a major hurricane would destroy New Orleans. It was a convention of prophets without any disciples.
This year, perhaps to make the farce explicit, the event organizers, from the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado, Boulder, introduced a parlor game. They placed a ballot box next to the water pitchers and asked everyone to vote: What will be the next mega-disaster? A tsunami, an earthquake, a pandemic flu? And where will it strike? It was an amusing diversion, although not a hard question for this lot.
Because the real challenge in the U.S. today is not predicting catastrophes. That we can do. The challenge that apparently lies beyond our grasp is to prepare for them. Dennis Mileti ran the Natural Hazards Center for 10 years, and is the country's leading expert on how to warn people so that they will pay attention. Today he is semi retired, but he comes back to the workshop each year to preach his gospel. This July, standing before the crowd in a Hawaiian shirt, Mileti was direct: How many citizens must die? How many people do you need to see pounding through their roofs? Like most people there, Mileti was heartbroken by Katrina, and he knows he'll be heartbroken again. We know exactly--exactly--where the major disasters will occur, he told me later
11．
W: Jim, you are on the net again! We are going to get off. It’s time for the talk show!
M: Just a minute dear! I’m looking at a new jewelry site. I want to make sure I get the right gift for mom’s birthday.
Q: What is the man doing right now?
A) Surfing the net.
12．
W: I’ve never seen you have such confidence before in the exam!
M: It’s more than confidence! Right now I felt that if I got less than an A, it will be the fault of the exam itself.
Q: What does the man mean?
B) He is sure of his success in the exam.
13．
W: Just look at this newspaper! Nothing but murder, death and war! Do you still believe people are basically good?
M: Of course I do! But newspapers hardly ever report stories about peace and generosity. They are not news!
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
D) The man is quite optimistic about human nature.
14．
M: Tom must be joking when he said he plans to sell his shop and go to medical school.
W: You are quite right! He’s just kidding! He’s also told me time and time again he wished to study for some profession instead of going into business.
Q: What will Tom probably do according to the conversation?
C) Stay in business
15．
W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you, and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month.
M: I hope not. I’d rather get more work hours I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college.
Q: What does the man truly want?
A) More money.
16．
M: I heard you took a trip to Mexico last month. How did you like it?
W: Oh, I got sick and tired of the hotel and hotel food! So now I understand the thing: East, west, home’s best!
Q: What does the woman mean?
B) She missed the comforts of home.
17．
W: I’m worried about Anna. She’s really been depressed lately. All she does is staying in her room all day.
M: That sounds serious! She’d better see a psychiatrist at the counseling centre.
Q: What does the man suggest Anna do?
C) Seek professional advice.
18．
M: I could hardly recognize Sam after we got that new job! He’s always in a suit and tie now.
W: Yeah. He was never liked that in college. Back then, he went around in old T-shirts and jeans.
Q: What does the speaker say about Sam?
A) He dresses more formally now.
总的来说，本次6级考试听力的短对话部分难度并不高。除了对话的长度比4级稍长，速度略快，其对话本身的判断十分容易，不易误选，选项长度也很短。其中 12，16，18题可以用性别指示原则确定答案出处；12题的BC两项还是相反项；11，14，17题考察的是计划行动；15题考察的是对象；只有13题稍微难一点，男女都要听并且需要对比才能出答案。
从题目本身的角度看，这次考察的主打内容是语气语调，其中12，13，14，16，17，18都重点涉及了语气语调的考察，并且构成出答案的重要线索。此外，11，15题考察了敏感关键词，只要听出对话中的多个关键词中的一个既可做出答案，这在我们的考前串讲中曾经涉及过。其中15题的buck这个词语我在上课的时候还特别强调过。另外17题考察了建议请求关键词she’d better，这一点和我们考前串讲一道例题几乎一模一样。最后18题当中的绝对化词语never也是我在串讲中重点提示过的。
综上所述，有几个要点需要将来的6级考生特别注意了。首先最重要的是，基本交流能力的考察已经上升到一个很重要的地位了。语气语调的考察竟然上升到了6个题目，占到了75%的比例，说明所谓考试技巧这个概念本身已经在漫漫淡化了，重要的是语言的实际应用能力。我相信如果平时很喜欢看美国电影的这部分考生完成听力部分一定轻而易举！其次，从上课的经验中我发现，很多学生同样的一种课程不止来上一次，在上课的过程中我们所讲述的内容到最后总结复习的时候还是一问三不知。其实从上面的分析我们就可以看出，绝大部分的内容是我们上课的时候都讲过，甚至是特别强调过的。就连复合式听写当中第39空的单词也是我在上课的时候专门听写过的。所以如果考生上课的时候认真记录总结过的话这次的考试也会取得不俗的成绩。最后，很多考生反映在考试速度上有问题，不仅是听力部分，后面的阅读和综合部分更是这样。所以，在保证正确率的前提下提高速度这也是不容忽视的要点。而且现在考点主题的变换很快，去年还是相反项主打，今年就转换到了语气语调了。因此也希望大家在以后的复习中尽量做到全面撒网，逐个深入，这样才能做到百战不殆。
Conversation One:
M: Hi, Anna! Welcome back! How’s your trip to the States?
W: Very busy. I had a lot of meetings, so, of course, I didn’t have much time to see New York.
M: What a pity! Actually, I have a trip there myself next week.
W: Do you? Then take my advice, do the well-being in the air program. It really works.
M: Oh, I read about that in a magazine. You say it works?
W: Yes, I did the program on the flight to the States, and when I arrived at New York, I didn’t have any problem, no jet lag at all. On the way back, I didn’t do it, and I felt terrible.
M: You’re joking!
W: Not at all, it really meant a lot of difference.
M: En. So what did you do?
W: Well, I didn’t drink an alcohol or coffee, and I didn’t eat any meat or rich food. I drink a lot of water, and fresh juice, and I ate the noodles on the well-being menu. They’re lighter. They have fish, vegetables, and noodles, for example, and I did some of the exercises of the program.
M: Exercises? On a plane?
W: Yes. I didn’t do many, of course, there isn’t much space on a plane.
M: How many passengers do the exercises?
W: Not many.
M: Then how much champagne did they drink?
W: A lot! It was more popular than mineral water.
M: So, basically, it’s a choice. Mineral water and exercises, or champagne and jet lag.
W: That’s right! It’s a difficult choice.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.
19. Why did the woman go to New York?
20. What does the woman say about the well-being in the air program?
21. What did the woman do to follow the well-being menu?
22. What did the woman say about other passengers?
Conversation Two:
W: Morning. Can I help you?
M: Well, I’m not rally sure. I’m just looking.
W: I see. Well, there’s plenty to look at it again this year. I’m sure you have to walk miles to see each stand.
M: That’s true.
W: Er…, would you like a coffee? Come and sit down for a minute, no obligation.
M: Well, that’s very kind of you, but…
W: Now, please. Is this the first year you’ve been to the fair, Mr….
M: Yes, Johnson, James Johnson.
W: My name’s Susan Carter. Are you looking for anything in particular, or are you interested in computers in general?
M: Well, actually, I have some specific jobs in mind. I owe a small company, we’ve grown quite dramatically over the past 12 months, and we really need some technological help to enable us to keep on top of everything.
W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?
M: We’re a training consultancy.
W: I see. And what do you mean “to keep on top”?
M: The first thing is correspondence. We have a lot of standard letters and forms. So I suppose we need some kind of word processor.
W: Right. Well, that’s no problem. But it may be possible for you to get a system that does a lot of other things in addition to word processing. What might suit you is the MR5000. That’s it over there! It’s IBM compatible.
M: What about the price?
W: Well, the MR5000 costs 1,050 pounds. Software comes free with the hardware.
M: Well, I’ll think about it. Thank you.
W: Here’s my card. Please feel free to contact me.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard:
23. Where did the conversation take place?
24. What are the speakers talking about?
25. What is the man’s line of business?
Keys:
19. B) To have meetings.
20. D) It can lessen the discomfort cased by air travel.
21. D) Avoided eating rich food.
22. C) Not many of them chose to do what she did.
23. A) At a fair.
24. C) The purchasing of some equipment.
25. B) Training consultancy.
应试框架下的能力考察——浅析2007年6月六级听力长对话部分
今年六级听力考试的长对话部分，集中体现了命题组对于考试改革的诉求——强调在实际环境中的语言运用能力。从六级考试的定位来分析，由于六级针对的往往是高校的高年级学生，这些考生即将走上社会，投入实际工作，因此他们的英语学习不能仅停留在对书本知识的表层理解上，而要“学以致用”。
命题以工作场景为核心，强调商务英语
在这一指导原则下，今年长对话的命题完全脱离了以往听力题目以学校生活为主要背景的做法，而将对话内容全部安排在工作和商务场景之下。其实，早在国家教委所发行的六级样题中，长对话的conversation one内容为一家公司招聘初级销售经理，这已经给以后的六级长对话命题提供了线索——这类新题型是专门在新的英语应用要求下应运而生的，因此会广泛地结合工作内容。而这种线索，在6月23日的六级考试中无疑得到了具体验证。
在题目中涉及工作内容，这从九十年代中期起，就在短对话的命题中有所体现，但当时只是“蜻蜓点水”，通常只在对话中安插个别与工作相关的单词，与整体的解题关系比较间接，够不成难度。但在今年的第二篇长对话中，场景是在一次展销会上，其中的男生由于要为公司采购计算机设备，因此来展销会参观，而女生则是他在展销会上碰到的一位销售人员。两人的对话频繁涉及会展、商业洽谈、产品介绍、价格询洽、建立商业往来等内容，且层次丰富、信息容量大（六级的长对话篇幅比四级长，而且每位说话人每次发言的句子都比较复杂，这是四级和六级长对话在难度上的一大区别）。据很多考生事后反映，对于这类题目颇感措手不及，听的时候大脑的反应跟不上对话的节奏。比如女生向男生介绍新形电脑产品时有这样一句话：But it may be possible for you to get a system that does a lot of other things in addition to word processing… It’s IBM compatible. 其中的word processing指电脑的文档处理系统，而compatible这个词表示“可兼容的”，在这里指这套计算机系统可以和IBM电脑兼容。这两个词都是非常典型的六级词汇，很多考生虽然在词汇手册上背到过，但放到句子的语言环境中来具体理解，就觉得比较吃力了。同样地，当女生询问男生所从事的职业时，她说：What’s your line of business? 在这里，就不能把line, business之类的词单独理解了，line of business作为一个完整的固定表达，意为“行业领域”；女生向男生介绍售价时有这样一句表达：Software comes free with hardware.意思是软件是随同硬件免费附赠的。像这些语言，其实对于六级的考生来说，不存在任何难词，但由于对整体语言环境缺乏把握，容易造成理解上的困难。
难词依然存在，但不影响解题
说到这次长对话中的难词、偏词，可能要数conversation one中提到的jet lag了。这篇长对话发生在同事之间，女生刚从纽约出差回来，向男生介绍了飞机旅途中的一项well-being program（健康计划），其中提到这项健康计划旨在降低旅客的jet lag，即“由飞行引起的身体不适”。这个词先后两次出现在文章中。而第20题针对健康计划的目的和作用来提问，因此必须理解jet lag才能解题。但要理解这个词，不一定要事先背过单词，只要利用上下文稍加推测即可。男生在对话结尾处提到：So, basically, it’s a choice. Mineral water and exercises, or champagne and jet lag.提示jet lag是和锻炼等健康的生活方式相反的一个选择，也就是会另人不适的，理解到这一曾就可以做题了。
顺便提一句，类似情况在这次的级长对话中也有所体现。题目有一处提到了continental breakfast，即“欧洲大陆早餐”，这种早餐通常只提供面包卷、黄油、咖啡等，与生活在欧洲大陆之外的英国人吃的早餐有较大不同，因此得名。这些内容，native speaker说起来非常自然，但对于中国考生来说，不了解文化社会的背景知识，可能觉得很陌生。虽然有一题针对continental breakfast提问，但并没有要求考生搞懂这种早餐到底是什么，因此做题时，只要接收到有关breakfast的信息就足够了。但以后的命题很可能反复出现这类信息，如果要在考试时真正有把握理解对话整体，需要考生补充过去容易忽略的文化常识。这体现出了四六级考试对于在校大学生英语学习的导向性作用，值得大家借鉴。
考点与清晰，解题顺序清楚
conversation two问了三道题，分别是对话发生的地点、对话主要内容和男生从事的行业。前两题都是短对话中常见的问题，考生比较熟悉，也较容易把握。其实，只要一看第 23的选项，四个in, at开头加地点名词的短语，熟悉选项预读技巧的同学可以在听录音之前就直接判断出题方向了。且三道题目，２３考察在对话开头，２４通过对话的层层展开得到提示，２５在文章结尾处出现答案，这种考点布置的手法，与短文理解题如出一辙。总之，从题型的角度来说，长对话需要我们在听之前借鉴短对话的预读方法做预判，而听的时候以短文理解题的思路，逐题定位答案
听力Passage原文，A卷答案以及分析
上海新东方学校四、六级听力教师 范广军，关键（听写）
上海新东方学校四、六级听力教师 范广军（分析）
P1
The new year always brings with the cultural tradition of new possibilities. We see it as a chance for renewal. We begin to dream of new possible selves. We design our ideal self or an image that is quite different from what we are now. For some of us, we roll at dreamy film in our heads just because it’s the beginning of a new year. But we aren’t serious about making changes. We just make some half-hearted resolution and it evaporates after a week or two. The experience makes us feel less successful and leads us to discount our ability to change in the future. It’ not the change is impossible but that it would lose(?) unless our resolutions are supported with plans for implementation. We have to make our intentions manageable by detailing the specific steps that will carry us to our goal. Say your goal is to lose weight by dieting and cutting off sweets. But one night you just have to have a cookie. And you know there’s a bag of your favorites in the cupboard. You want one, you eat two, you check the bag and find out you’ve just shot 132 calories. You say to yourself, “What the hell!” and polish off the whole bag. Then you begin to draw all kinds of unpleasant conclusions about yourself. To protect your sense of self, you begin to discount the goal. You may think – “Well, dieting wasn’t that important to me and I won’t make it anyhow.” So you abandon the goal and return to your bad habits.
26 What do people usually wish to do at the beginning of a new year?
27 How can people turn their new year’s resolutions into reality?
28 Why does the speaker mention the example of sweets and cookies?
P2
25 years ago, Ray Anderson, a single parent with a one-year-old son witnessed a terrible accident which took place when the driver of a truck ran a red light and collided with the car of Sandra D. The impact of the collision killed Sandra instantly. But her three-month-old daughter was left trapped in the burning car. While others looked on in horror, Andersen jumped out of his vehicle and crawled into the car through the shadowed rear window to try to free the infant. Seconds later, the car was enclosed in flames. But to everyone’s amazement, Andersen was able to pull the baby to safety. While the baby was all right, Andersen was seriously injured. Two days later he died. But his heroic act was published widely in the media. His son was soon adopted by relatives. The most remarkable part of the story unfolded only last week. Karen and her boyfriend Michael were looking through some old boxes when they came across some old newspaper clippings. “This is me when I was a new born baby. I was rescued from a burning car. But my mother died in the accident,” explained Karen. Although Michael knew Karen’s mother had died years earlier, he never fully understood the circumstances until he skimmed over the newspaper article. To Karen’s surprise, Michael was absorbed in the details of the accident. And he began to cry uncontrollably. Then he revealed that the man that pulled Karen from the flames was the father he never knew. The two embraced and shed many tears, recounting stories told to them about their parents.
29 What happened twenty-five years ago?
30 What does the speaker say about Michael’s father?
31 Why did Michael cry uncontrollably when he skimmed over the newspaper article?
P3
Americans suffer from an overdose of work. Regardless of who they are or what they do. Americans spend more time at work than that any time since World War II. In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other industrialized country. Today, it exceeds every country but Japan where industrialized employees load 2155 hours a year compared with 1951 in the US and 1603 in the former West Germany. Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans add an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The workweek has remained above 40 hours. But people are working more weeks each year. Specifically pay time off holidays, vacations, sick leave shrink by 50% in the 1980s. As corporations have experienced stiff competitions and slow in growth of productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting lay-offs in the 1980s reduce the professional and managerial runs, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower paid occupations where wages have been reduced, workers have added hours in overtime or extra jobs to preserve their living standards. The government estimates that more than 7 million people hold a second job. For the first time, large numbers of people say they want to cut back on working hours even it means earning less money. But most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The government which has stepped back from its traditional role as a regulator of work time should take steps to make shorter hours possible.
Question 32-35 are based on the passage you’ve just heard
32. In which country do industrial employees work the longest hours?
33. How do employed Americans manage to work more hours?
34. Why do corporations press their employees to work longer hours according to the speaker?
35. What does the speaker say many Americans prefer to do?
26 D Attempt something impossible.
27 D By making detailed plans and carrying them out.
28 D To illustrate how easily people abandon their goals.
29 C Karen’s mother died in a car accident.
30 B He sacrificed his life to save a baby girl.
31 A The reported hero turned out to be his father.
32 B Japan.
33 D By taking shorter vacations each year.
34 A To combat competition and raise productivity
35 C Reducing their working hours.
本次考试的Passage秉承了六级试题一贯的风格，难度与以往的考题相当，题材也在故事类、议论类之间得以很好的平衡。
从题材的角度讲，第1篇和第3篇是议论文，分别对人们新年许愿这个传统行为背后的心理进行分析和美国人工作时间不断延长的原因进行探究；第2篇是一则英雄于车祸中救人并由此引发了一个意想不到结局的故事。
具体分析如下：
第1篇
本文是3篇文章中较难的一篇，文章的前半段重点围绕人们新年许愿的传统进行分析，议论的比重较大，难以理解；后半部分给出了具体实例，文章的论点才得以清晰的论证。文章的结构是典型的议论文：揭示现象－提出自己观点－实例论证。
26 What do people usually wish to do at the beginning of a new year?
本题存在的争议最大，答案应该从【improve themselves】和【attempting something impossible】中进行选择。尽管前者的答案四平八稳，但笔者观点倾向于后者，因为文章开头论点提出之前的引论部分随处可见对impossible 一词的描述，例如The new year always brings it with the cultural tradition of new possibilities. We see it as a chance for renewal. We begin to dream of new possible selves. We design our ideal self or an image that is quite different from what we are now.划线部分的概念不是简简单单的improve可以解释的。我们可以结合自己的经验，试想自己在新年许愿时候的场景，就可以知道这种愿望和平时普通的希望不同，而往往是在自己看来非常困难而难以实现的理想。而之后的For some of us, we roll that dreamy(空幻的，梦想的) film in our heads just because it’s the beginning of a new year.则点出了本题的考点，人们正是因为遇到了新年，才许下了带有不切实际的幻想色彩的愿望，同时考察了非常用词dreamy。
27 How can people turn their new year’s resolutions into reality?
词题考察的是作者自己的观点，文章对该现象进行深层次剖析和批判之后，认为新年愿望得以实现的方法是It’ not the change is impossible but that it would last unless our resolutions are supported with plans for implementation. We have to make our intentions manageable by detailing the specific steps that will carry us to our goal. We have to make our intentions manageable by detailing the specific steps that will carry us to our goal.本题的难点在于选项【By finding sufficient support for implementation.】的干扰，其实后面的steps指代的就是前面的plans，作者自己的观点就是制定具体的计划然后实现它就可以了，而不是“获得足够的支持”这样的概念，故应该选择【By making detailed plans and carrying them out.】。本题是“Passage解题，听到什么就选什么”的例外，听到的是support和implementation，但选项意思表达不正确，故出题者在这里的用意仍然希望考生是在真实听懂的前提下答题，而不是盲目运用技巧。
28 Why does the speaker mention the example of sweets and cookies?
本题很简单，因为文章后半部分的实例是大部分考生都能听懂的，即便听懂了大意，根据常识和自身的经历也可以选择正确答案【To illustrate how easily people abandon their goals.】。
第2篇
如果把本文的故事放在大部分考生所熟悉的日剧、韩剧或者浸殷已久的《读者》之类的文章中，那么文章的结局就没有任何神秘之处了。文章讲述了一个情节很简单的故事：小女孩(Karen)和妈妈出车祸，妈妈死了，但她被人救起；救人的人(Anderson)也死了，同样留下一个小男孩 (Michael)；若干年后，小女孩和小男孩成为恋人，没想到小男孩的爸爸就是当年救小女孩的英雄。非常简单甚至无聊的情节，但是本文解题的关键在于弄清楚人物关系和性别，到底是谁救了谁。这也是很多考生容易忽视的地方，往往是故事大意懂了，但是细节没有把握，而导致白白失分，非常可惜。
本文是典型的故事类考察，而且考点简单，分别是故事的起因(文章开头)，经过(文章中间)和结局(文章结尾)，符合一般记叙文写作规律。
29 What happened twenty-five years ago?
本题考察的是文章开头的起因，考生只能听到Karen，Anderson和truck driver三个人，Michael是文章后段才出现的人物，可以忽略，只要听懂了故事大意就可以解题了，选择【Karen’s mother died in a car accident.】。
30 What does the speaker say about Michael’s father?
本题同上，考察的是故事的经过部分，即Anderson如何救出了小女孩，选择【He sacrificed his life to save a baby girl.】。
31 Why did Michael cry uncontrollably when he skimmed over the newspaper article?
此题则考察了无数此类故事的相同结尾，Michael认出了救Karen的英雄就是自己未曾蒙面的父亲，选择【The reported hero turned out to be his father.】。
第3篇
本文讨论了美国人工作时间的问题，此题材和现实生活比较贴近。六级的考生大部分是高年级的同学，故无论是对话还是文章所涉猎的题材非常广泛，今年的长对话考题可见一斑。希望未来参加六级考试的同学对工作和学习场景的题材能有所把握。
本文的四题全部属于细节考察，要求考生对文章的大部分信息都能掌握，有一定难度。
32 In which country do industrial employees work the longest hours?
本题是数字时间的考察，做题的时候，将听到的信息在对应的题干旁边进行记录就可以了；当然，从问题出发结合常识，我们也可以得出结论，日本人的工作时间是世界上最高的，故选择【Japan】。
33 How do employed Americans manage to work more hours?
本题的考点略微有点难度，Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans add an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The workweek has remained above 40 hours. But people are working more weeks each year. Specifically pay time off holidays, vacations, sick leave shrink(缩短) by 50% in the 1980s.美国人的工作时间总数提高了，但是注意每周的工作时间不变，所以是增加了工作周数，也就是后面举例的缩短了假期，同时考察了难词 shrink，故选择【By taking shorter vacations each year.】。
34 Why do corporations press their employees to work longer hours according to the speaker?
本题的难点在问题的主语是corporations而不是workers。文中给出了两个关于工作时间增加的理由，此处考察的是从公司的角度而言的，而不是从工人本身的需求出发，因此选择【To combat competition and raise productivity】，As corporations have experienced stiff competitions and slow in growth of productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. ……In lower paid occupations where wages have been reduced, workers have added hours in overtime or extra jobs to preserve their living standards.
35 What does the speaker say many Americans prefer to do?
本题的考点简单，询问人们现在对工作时间的态度，For the first time, large numbers of people say they want to cut back on working hours even it means earning less money.应该选择【Reducing their working hours.】。(接下页)
Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression that nurses are there to wait on the physician. As nurses, we are licensed to provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral obligation to any physician. We provide health teaching, assess physical as well as emotional problems, coordinate patient related services, and make all our nursing decision based upon what is best or suitable for the patient. If in any circumstance we feel that a physician’s order is inappropriate or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility to question that order, or refuse to carry it out. Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that before they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, that occurs due to odd working hours is a prime reason for a large of the career dissatisfaction. It is sometimes required that we work overtime, and that we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives, destruct our sleeping and eating habits, and isolates us from everything except job related friends and activities. The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates, as experienced nurses finally give up trying to change the system. Consumers of medically related services have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand changes in our medical system. But if trends continue as predicted, they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new, inexperienced, and sometimes inadequately trained nurses.
36）licensed
37) obligation
38) assess
39) coordinate
40) circumstance
41) inappropriate
42) responsibility
43) prime
44) It is sometimes required that we work overtime, and that we change shifts four or five times a month.
45) Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates, as experienced nurses finally give up trying to change the system.
46) they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new, inexperienced, and sometimes inadequately trained nurses.
总的来说，这次单词的难度比之前明显提高了，只有38和43空的单词字母数量小于7个，其余的都比较长。最后三个长句子的难度还是比较适中的，基本保持了之前的水平。这次的听写题目反映出了两个问题。一个是给考生日益下降的单词拼写能力敲响了一个警钟。这次的8个单词很明显的是提醒考生注意在平时单词拼写的练习上要加大力度，要定期进行听写练习，否则很难得到高分。另外就是关于长句子的整体理解和概括的能力，大家也要加强练习。举例来说，46空的句子虽然是最长的，但是其实概括起来是最简单的。首先找到主干they will find that ……。其次，that后面的从句也可以提一个主干hospital care will be provided by new nurses。其中的new, inexperienced, and sometimes inadequately trained明显是并列结构，意思都是一样的，所以完全可以只用其中的一个词语new代替所有的词语。所以最后概括出来的样子就是they will find that hospital care will be provided by new nurses.很短，但是很说明问题。其余的几个句子也可以按照这个原则来概括。这次的长句子也没有非常疑难的词语，所以难度并不高。其实这些内容我们在上课和考前串讲的时候也都做过具体的分析，只要考生认真听讲、仔细总结，都没有逃出我们所重点讲述的考试范围
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